While bridge building may always be successful (as asserted by the author), close to budget really depends on how you define "close".
Fixed link projects (bridges and tunnels) tend to cost 33% more than estimated (sigma=60%). Rail is even worse at 44% more than estimated, coming in under budget only about 12% of the time.
Fixed link projects (bridges and tunnels) tend to cost 33% more than estimated (sigma=60%). Rail is even worse at 44% more than estimated, coming in under budget only about 12% of the time.
http://flyvbjerg.plan.aau.dk/JAPAASPUBLISHED.pdf