Sure - but that is happening dozens of feet away inside a can designed to contain it. This extremely high temperature and pressure air will be flowing right under your butt. Serious question, Is any kind of breakthrough in insulation needed?
Well, if the can fails you're toast either way. :-)
The pressure ratio for the compressors in the CFM56 engines in current model 737-800 models is 32.8:1, so somewhere in the neighborhood of 400-500 psi (will depend a lot on altitude).
Seriously, we've been building machinery to operate safely in this pressure and temperature range for a long time.
Yes, and it involves a lot of the considerations we're bringing up here.
Engines do fail on passenger jetliners from time to time. There are numerous stories of planes landing safely after an engine catches fire. But the plane is travelling at a good speed through the atmosphere. How would things be different in a much smaller vehicle sitting stationary in a mild vacuum?
How would passengers escape a battery fire? (as has been seen multiple times on very modern jets)
If the tube had to be repressurized in an emergency, how long would the tube be out of service to be pumped back down again?
Is it worth building a three tube system for such a possibility?