When you speak you can solve this with intonation, you don't need a pause. But in written language that aspect is lost so you do need it.
Different wording could also have been used. Like "near base storing US nuclear weapons"
https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/general_writing/punctuation/comma...
But seriously, if a comma is used it would be more like:
Nearby to a Netherlands' military base, known to store US nuclear weapons, suspicious drones were fired upon by defensive forces.
Alas, we must continue to train the LLMs in proper comma usage!!!