Generally, yes it means that in interactions with the government, there is more of an obligation for a citizen to speak English, rather than for the government to provide services in multiple languages.

It doesn't affect Taco Bell because that's a private corporation. And it doesn't affect transportation because that's also intended for travelers, visitors, etc. Nor would it affect health care.

But a good example would be driver's license exams. California offers those in 32 languages. Almost all states offer them in at least 2. If English is made the official language by legislation, there would be a strong argument to only offer driver's license exams in English.

Well, even more precisely: an executive order applies to federal workers in the executive branch. It doesn't apply to federal workers in the legislative, or judicial branches, and other sorts of workers. It certainly doesn't apply to private citizens or the states.

~98% of people employed by the federal government work in the executive branch (if we count military, postal service, etc.)

All of your examples are not Federal services.

Basically, the point is to make it more difficult for non-English speakers (or people with limited language skills) to deal with the Federal government. As noted above, it's not a law and has no legal force to make private businesses do anything one way or the other.

> I've always wondered what this actually means in practicality.

It means the Federal government now has a reason to not offer services in any language other than English. Before, they would offer services in Spanish, Chinese(various dialects) and other popular languages. They no longer have funding or a mandate to do that.

I think that your Taco Bell example is strictly off the table. I don't doubt that some people exist who want to make it illegal to use anything but English in the US, but realistically there isn't much political will to make that happen. So we're probably talking only passing laws which restrict the government.

As far as what that means for the government, it's hard to say because of the way government is structured here. Let's put executive orders aside and say that Congress passes a law declaring that English is the official language, and that all government communication shall happen in English and nothing else. Certainly that would apply to the federal government. It shouldn't apply to the states, because the Constitution doesn't grant that power to the federal government - but we've been blatantly ignoring the Constitution in that respect for almost a century now, so it wouldn't be surprising if we ignore it in this case too. It would almost certainly go to the Supreme Court, but it's hard to say whether they would strike the law down or decide to torture the Commerce Clause even more.

If they strike the law down or clarify that it only can apply to the federal government, then you'd probably see some states pass their own similar laws (or amend their constitutions) to achieve a similar effect. But other states would still use whatever language. If they say yes, the law can affect states as well, then obviously it would. But either way I think you wind up at a point where private parties use whatever language they feel like, while government communications are in English only (at least to some extent).